Last update: Aug. 21, 2010
Introduction
The page will endeavor to give the recreational baseball bettor advice on the various bets. I have no handicapping skill in baseball whatsoever, so the best I can do is steer you towards the best type of bets. There are three primary ways to bet on baseball, as follows.
- Money line: Bet on which team will win.
- Total: Bet on whether the total number of runs will fall above or below a stated number, usually between 7 and 12.
- Run line: Similar to a bet against the spread in football or basketball. However, in baseball the better team is always favored by 1.5. If the money line indicates neither team is favored, then either team could be the favored team.
Source of Data
The data this analysis is based on is from the Major League Baseball games played over the 10 years encompassing the 2000 to 2009 seasons. The data was purchased at sportsbettingdatabases.com. I had to remove some games for lack of information, and I corrected many typographical errors. Basically, I felt the data was a bit rough, so please take my analysis below with a grain of salt.
Fun Facts
The following table shows the average number of runs, hits, errors, and bases from 2000 to 2009.
MLB Averages 2000-2009 |
Item | Away | Home | Total1 |
Runs | 4.68 | 4.83 | 9.52 |
Hits | 9.17 | 9.05 | 18.22 |
Errors | 0.65 | 0.63 | 1.29 |
Bases | 15.65 | 15.59 | 31.23 |
Notes
1. Totals may not appear to agree with sum of the parts, due to rounding.
Following are some records from the "zeros" decade.
- Most runs: 36 (Rangers vs. Red Sox, Aug 12, 2008).
- Most hits: 43 (Marlins vs. Rockies, July 4, 2008).
- Most errors: 8 (tie between six games on
Jun. 12, 2002,
Sep. 13, 2002,
Sep. 10, 2003,
Sep. 8, 2006,
Sep. 12, 2006,
Sep. 16, 2007).
Money Line Bets
The following table shows the expected return on money line bets, according to every combination of home or away and favorite, pick or underdog. The table is crossed by whether the sports book uses a 10-cent, 15-cent or 20-cent line. For those unfamiliar with the term, a 10-cent line, for example, means the lines on the two teams are usually 10 points apart — for example +140 and -150.
It is not a typo that the table shows a player advantage for home underdogs of 2.07% against a 10-cent line. This may be partially due to a sampling error.
Money Line Bets in MLB |
Bet on | Sample Size | 10-cent Line | 15-cent Line | 20-cent Line |
Home favorite | 15797 | -1.81% | -2.92% | -3.99% |
Home dog | 7977 | 2.07% | 0.92% | -0.19% |
Home pick | 492 | 0.00% | -1.13% | -2.22% |
Away favorite | 7977 | -4.94% | -6.02% | -7.05% |
Away dog | 15797 | -1.88% | -2.99% | -4.05% |
Away pick | 492 | -4.76% | -5.84% | -6.87% |
All home | 24266 | -0.84% | -1.97% | -3.04% |
All away | 24266 | -3.17% | -4.27% | -5.32% |
All favorite | 23774 | -2.79% | -3.89% | -4.94% |
All dog | 23774 | -0.55% | -1.68% | -2.76% |
All pick | 984 | -2.38% | -3.49% | -4.55% |
All | 48532 | -1.90% | -3.01% | -4.07% |
Total Bets
 The following table shows the winning side of total bets in each game.
Total Line Bets in MLB |
Winner | Sample Size | Probability |
Over | 11315 | 46.63% |
Under | 11812 | 48.68% |
Push | 1139 | 4.69% |
Total | 24266 | 100.00% |
Assuming the player lays 110 every time, the house edge is 6.29% on over bets and 2.38% on under bets. Seldom do casinos have total bets with less juice than 10 cents.
Run Line Bets
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Yes, Marisa Miller is a Giants fan. |
Unfortunately, my data does not indicate the run line bets. However, I can offer the following tables to help determine the fair run line according to the fair money line (F.M.L.) and total. I used logistic regression to create these tables, which was no easy task.
The first table is for away underdogs +1.5 runs. To get the fair money line the other way, on a home favorite -1.5 runs, take the opposite line by multiplying by -1.
Fair Run Lines for Away Underdogs +1.5 |
F.M.L. | Total |
7 | 7.5 | 8 | 8.5 | 9 | 9.5 | 10 | 10.5 | 11 | 11.5 | 12 |
100 | -212 | -207 | -203 | -199 | -195 | -191 | -187 | -183 | -180 | -176 | -173 |
105 | -203 | -199 | -195 | -191 | -187 | -183 | -179 | -176 | -172 | -169 | -165 |
110 | -195 | -191 | -187 | -183 | -180 | -176 | -172 | -169 | -165 | -162 | -159 |
115 | -188 | -184 | -180 | -176 | -173 | -169 | -166 | -163 | -159 | -156 | -153 |
120 | -181 | -177 | -174 | -170 | -167 | -163 | -160 | -157 | -154 | -150 | -147 |
125 | -175 | -171 | -168 | -164 | -161 | -158 | -154 | -151 | -148 | -145 | -142 |
130 | -169 | -165 | -162 | -159 | -156 | -152 | -149 | -146 | -143 | -140 | -138 |
135 | -164 | -160 | -157 | -154 | -151 | -148 | -145 | -142 | -139 | -136 | -133 |
140 | -159 | -155 | -152 | -149 | -146 | -143 | -140 | -137 | -135 | -132 | -129 |
145 | -154 | -151 | -148 | -145 | -142 | -139 | -136 | -133 | -131 | -128 | -125 |
150 | -150 | -147 | -144 | -141 | -138 | -135 | -132 | -130 | -127 | -124 | -122 |
155 | -146 | -143 | -140 | -137 | -134 | -131 | -129 | -126 | -124 | -121 | -119 |
160 | -142 | -139 | -136 | -133 | -131 | -128 | -125 | -123 | -120 | -118 | -116 |
165 | -138 | -136 | -133 | -130 | -127 | -125 | -122 | -120 | -117 | -115 | -113 |
170 | -135 | -132 | -130 | -127 | -124 | -122 | -119 | -117 | -115 | -112 | -110 |
175 | -132 | -129 | -127 | -124 | -122 | -119 | -117 | -114 | -112 | -110 | -108 |
180 | -129 | -126 | -124 | -121 | -119 | -116 | -114 | -112 | -109 | -107 | -105 |
185 | -126 | -124 | -121 | -119 | -116 | -114 | -112 | -109 | -107 | -105 | -103 |
190 | -124 | -121 | -119 | -116 | -114 | -112 | -109 | -107 | -105 | -103 | -101 |
195 | -121 | -119 | -116 | -114 | -112 | -109 | -107 | -105 | -103 | -101 | 101 |
200 | -119 | -116 | -114 | -112 | -109 | -107 | -105 | -103 | -101 | 101 | 103 |
210 | -114 | -112 | -110 | -108 | -105 | -103 | -101 | 101 | 103 | 105 | 107 |
220 | -110 | -108 | -106 | -104 | -102 | 100 | 102 | 104 | 107 | 109 | 111 |
230 | -107 | -105 | -103 | -101 | 102 | 104 | 106 | 108 | 110 | 112 | 115 |
240 | -104 | -102 | 101 | 103 | 105 | 107 | 109 | 111 | 114 | 116 | 118 |
250 | -101 | 101 | 103 | 106 | 108 | 110 | 112 | 115 | 117 | 119 | 122 |
260 | 102 | 104 | 106 | 109 | 111 | 113 | 115 | 118 | 120 | 123 | 125 |
270 | 105 | 107 | 109 | 111 | 114 | 116 | 118 | 121 | 123 | 126 | 129 |
280 | 107 | 110 | 112 | 114 | 117 | 119 | 121 | 124 | 127 | 129 | 132 |
290 | 110 | 112 | 115 | 117 | 119 | 122 | 124 | 127 | 130 | 132 | 135 |
300 | 112 | 115 | 117 | 120 | 122 | 125 | 127 | 130 | 132 | 135 | 138 |
310 | 115 | 117 | 120 | 122 | 125 | 127 | 130 | 133 | 135 | 138 | 141 |
320 | 117 | 120 | 122 | 125 | 127 | 130 | 132 | 135 | 138 | 141 | 144 |
330 | 119 | 122 | 124 | 127 | 130 | 132 | 135 | 138 | 141 | 144 | 147 |
340 | 122 | 124 | 127 | 129 | 132 | 135 | 138 | 140 | 143 | 146 | 149 |
350 | 124 | 126 | 129 | 132 | 134 | 137 | 140 | 143 | 146 | 149 | 152 |
360 | 126 | 128 | 131 | 134 | 137 | 139 | 142 | 145 | 148 | 151 | 154 |
370 | 128 | 131 | 133 | 136 | 139 | 142 | 145 | 148 | 151 | 154 | 157 |
380 | 130 | 133 | 135 | 138 | 141 | 144 | 147 | 150 | 153 | 156 | 159 |
390 | 132 | 135 | 137 | 140 | 143 | 146 | 149 | 152 | 155 | 159 | 162 |
400 | 134 | 136 | 139 | 142 | 145 | 148 | 151 | 154 | 158 | 161 | 164 |
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When you see it, you'll shit bricks. |
Let's take a look at an example to see how to use the table. On April 6, 2010, the Las Vegas Hilton offered the following bets on the Yankees vs. Red Sox game. As always, the home team is listed last.
Yankees vs. Red Sox |
Team | Money Line | Total | Run Line |
Yankees | 125 | 9.5 | -170 |
Red Sox | -135 | 150 |
The fair line on the Yankees would be +130, which can be found by splitting the juice between the two teams. Next, look up the value in the table for +130 and 9.5, which is -152. So fair run line bets would be:
Yankees +1.5 -152
Red Sox -1.5 +152
The actual run lines are -170 and +150. Assuming my analysis was correct, the house edge on the Yankees run line would be 4.20% and on the Red Sox it would be 0.79%.
By the way, the actual score of the game was Yankees 6, Red Sox 4.
The next table shows the fair run lines for home underdogs. The reason for the significant difference between it and the away underdog table above is because it is more valuable to get the extra 1.5 runs on an away team. This is because the game will be over after any winning play by the home team in the 9th or later inning. Thus, there are a lot of games where the home team wins by one run.
Fair Run Lines for Home Underdogs +1.5 |
F.M.L. | Total |
7 | 7.5 | 8 | 8.5 | 9 | 9.5 | 10 | 10.5 | 11 | 11.5 | 12 |
100 | -171 | -169 | -168 | -166 | -165 | -163 | -162 | -160 | -159 | -157 | -156 |
105 | -164 | -162 | -161 | -159 | -158 | -156 | -155 | -153 | -152 | -150 | -149 |
110 | -157 | -156 | -154 | -153 | -151 | -150 | -148 | -147 | -146 | -144 | -143 |
115 | -151 | -150 | -148 | -147 | -145 | -144 | -143 | -141 | -140 | -139 | -137 |
120 | -145 | -144 | -143 | -141 | -140 | -139 | -137 | -136 | -135 | -134 | -132 |
125 | -140 | -139 | -138 | -136 | -135 | -134 | -133 | -131 | -130 | -129 | -128 |
130 | -136 | -134 | -133 | -132 | -130 | -129 | -128 | -127 | -126 | -124 | -123 |
135 | -131 | -130 | -129 | -127 | -126 | -125 | -124 | -123 | -122 | -120 | -119 |
140 | -127 | -126 | -125 | -123 | -122 | -121 | -120 | -119 | -118 | -117 | -116 |
145 | -123 | -122 | -121 | -120 | -119 | -118 | -116 | -115 | -114 | -113 | -112 |
150 | -120 | -119 | -117 | -116 | -115 | -114 | -113 | -112 | -111 | -110 | -109 |
155 | -116 | -115 | -114 | -113 | -112 | -111 | -110 | -109 | -108 | -107 | -106 |
160 | -113 | -112 | -111 | -110 | -109 | -108 | -107 | -106 | -105 | -104 | -103 |
165 | -110 | -109 | -108 | -107 | -106 | -105 | -104 | -103 | -102 | -101 | -100 |
170 | -108 | -107 | -106 | -105 | -104 | -103 | -102 | -101 | 100 | 101 | 102 |
175 | -105 | -104 | -103 | -102 | -101 | -100 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 105 |
180 | -103 | -102 | -101 | 100 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 105 | 106 | 107 |
185 | -100 | 100 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 105 | 106 | 107 | 108 | 109 |
190 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 105 | 106 | 107 | 108 | 109 | 110 | 111 | 112 |
195 | 104 | 105 | 106 | 107 | 108 | 109 | 110 | 111 | 112 | 113 | 114 |
200 | 106 | 107 | 108 | 109 | 110 | 111 | 112 | 113 | 114 | 115 | 117 |
210 | 110 | 111 | 112 | 113 | 114 | 115 | 117 | 118 | 119 | 120 | 121 |
220 | 114 | 115 | 116 | 117 | 119 | 120 | 121 | 122 | 123 | 124 | 126 |
230 | 118 | 119 | 120 | 121 | 123 | 124 | 125 | 126 | 127 | 129 | 130 |
240 | 122 | 123 | 124 | 125 | 127 | 128 | 129 | 130 | 132 | 133 | 134 |
250 | 126 | 127 | 128 | 129 | 130 | 132 | 133 | 134 | 136 | 137 | 138 |
260 | 129 | 130 | 132 | 133 | 134 | 136 | 137 | 138 | 139 | 141 | 142 |
270 | 133 | 134 | 135 | 137 | 138 | 139 | 141 | 142 | 143 | 145 | 146 |
280 | 136 | 137 | 139 | 140 | 141 | 143 | 144 | 145 | 147 | 148 | 150 |
290 | 139 | 141 | 142 | 143 | 145 | 146 | 148 | 149 | 150 | 152 | 153 |
300 | 143 | 144 | 145 | 147 | 148 | 150 | 151 | 152 | 154 | 155 | 157 |
310 | 146 | 147 | 149 | 150 | 151 | 153 | 154 | 156 | 157 | 159 | 160 |
320 | 149 | 150 | 152 | 153 | 155 | 156 | 158 | 159 | 161 | 162 | 164 |
330 | 152 | 153 | 155 | 156 | 158 | 159 | 161 | 162 | 164 | 165 | 167 |
340 | 155 | 156 | 158 | 159 | 161 | 162 | 164 | 165 | 167 | 169 | 170 |
350 | 158 | 159 | 161 | 162 | 164 | 165 | 167 | 168 | 170 | 172 | 173 |
360 | 160 | 162 | 163 | 165 | 167 | 168 | 170 | 171 | 173 | 175 | 176 |
370 | 163 | 165 | 166 | 168 | 169 | 171 | 173 | 174 | 176 | 178 | 179 |
380 | 166 | 167 | 169 | 170 | 172 | 174 | 175 | 177 | 179 | 180 | 182 |
390 | 168 | 170 | 171 | 173 | 175 | 176 | 178 | 180 | 181 | 183 | 185 |
400 | 171 | 172 | 174 | 175 | 177 | 179 | 181 | 182 | 184 | 186 | 188 |
Alternate Totals
It often happens when you want to make an over or under bet in baseball that there are two different totals available. For example, 7.5 and 8. Of course, you have to pay a higher price if you want the half point to work in your favor. The price will depend on whether you are buying or selling an odd or an even number, because in baseball, odd totals are more common than even ones. During the zeros decade (somebody please come up with a term for it), 59.2% of Major League Baseball games ended in an odd total. Hopefully I don't need to explain why. The following tables shows the fair equivalent price to pay for buying an extra half point off either an over or under bet.
To use the table, look up the line on the lower of the two lines if betting the under, and the higher if betting the over. Whether you use the second or third column will depend on whether you're looking at an over or under bet, and whether the base line is odd, even, odd +0.5, or even +0.5. To be specific, if you're interested in the under, use the second column for an odd or even +0.5 base number, otherwise use the third column. If you're interested in the over, use the second column for an odd or odd +0.5 base number, otherwise use the third column.
Alternative Totals for Buying a Half Point |
Market Line | Off the Under |
Odd, Even +0.5 | Even, Odd +0.5 |
Off the Over |
Odd or Odd +0.5 | Even or Even +0.5 |
-140 | -177 | -165 |
-135 | -170 | -159 |
-130 | -164 | -153 |
-125 | -157 | -147 |
-120 | -151 | -141 |
-115 | -144 | -135 |
-110 | -138 | -129 |
-105 | -131 | -123 |
100 | -125 | -117 |
105 | -119 | -111 |
110 | -114 | -106 |
115 | -109 | -102 |
120 | -104 | 103 |
125 | -100 | 107 |
130 | 104 | 111 |
135 | 108 | 115 |
140 | 112 | 119 |
Let's look at an example of how to use the table. In the Astros vs. Marlins game today (Aug. 20, 2010) as I write this, you can get under 7.5 at the Hilton for -105 or under 8 at the MGM for -135. Which is the better bet? 7.5 is an "odd +0.5" number. The -105 row and the "even, odd +0.5" column meet at -123. That means you should be indifferent between betting under 7.5 -105 and under 8 -123. The actual MGM price was -135, so in this example the under 7.5 -105 at the Hilton is the better bet.
The next table shows the fair price to pay if you want to buy a half point off of an over bet. For example, in the same Astros vs. Marlins game, you can bet over 7.5 at -115 at the Hilton or over 8 at +115 at the MGM. Which is the better bet? We should use 8 as the base line, because the alterative of 7.5 is a half-point better. So looking at the +115 row and the "even or even +0.5" column we see the fair equivalent is -102. The Hilton price on over 7.5 is -115, which is worse than -102, making over 8 +115 at the MGM the better bet.
Let's look at some more examples. Here are some lines from the Braves Vs. Cubs game.
Hilton: Over 10 -115, Under 10 -105
MGM: Over 10.5 EV, Under 10.5 -120
If we assume under 10 -105 to be fair, then the equivalent bet is under 10.5 -123. So the under 10.5 -120 at the MGM is better. If we assume over 10.5 EV to be fair, then the equivalent bet is over 10 -117. So the over 10 -115 at the Hilton is better.
Next, here are lines from the Bluejays vs Red Sox game.
Stations: Over 8.5 -105, Under 8.5 -115
Hilton: Over 8 -125, Under 8 +105
If we assume under 8 +105 to be fair, then the equivalent bet is under 8.5 -111. The under 8.5 -115 at Stations is not as good, so under 8 +105 is the better bet. If we assume over 8.5 -105 to be fair, then the equivalent bet is over 8 -123. The over 8 -125 at the Hilton is not as good, so the over 8 -105 is the better bet.
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Awesome jacket. |
Total Runs, Hits, and Errors
Sometimes in the post-season, the casinos will offer an over/under prop on the total combined runs, hits and errors. I noticed there is a fairly linear relationship between the projected total and the actual total of runs, hits and errors. The least-squares regression line for the estimated total runs, hits and errors is 12.45 + 1.817 × t, where t represented the estimated total.
The following table shows the estimated and actual total runs, hits and errors according to the projected total runs.
Total Combined Runs, Hits and Errors in MLB |
Total | Sample Size | Estimated | Actual |
6 | 1 | 23.35 | 14.00 |
6.5 | 71 | 24.26 | 24.46 |
7 | 610 | 25.17 | 24.81 |
7.5 | 1635 | 26.08 | 26.36 |
8 | 2393 | 26.98 | 26.74 |
8.5 | 4122 | 27.89 | 27.80 |
9 | 5337 | 28.80 | 28.88 |
9.5 | 4472 | 29.71 | 29.92 |
10 | 2395 | 30.62 | 30.53 |
10.5 | 1736 | 31.53 | 31.42 |
11 | 747 | 32.43 | 32.22 |
11.5 | 285 | 33.34 | 33.75 |
12 | 131 | 34.25 | 33.80 |
12.5 | 102 | 35.16 | 33.61 |
13 | 77 | 36.07 | 35.97 |
13.5 | 55 | 36.98 | 36.73 |
14 | 47 | 37.89 | 35.96 |
14.5 | 35 | 38.79 | 40.29 |
15 | 15 | 39.70 | 45.33 |
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i tried reading but gave up halfway.
ReplyDeletetoo many number! >_<
don't feel too bad, i didn't make it through. if anything, i posted it up to motivate myself to read through it and be smarter about betting on baseball...
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ReplyDelete>Katie used sports and math
>IT'S SUPER EFFECTIVE
Some slick info you got here. :D
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dude, baseball is like the most boring sport....ever lol cool post though :)
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ReplyDeleteif i was talented enough to make an infographic, i would. unfortunately i suck.
Huh, thought I posted before. Just agreed with chasity, baseball just bores me. And these numbers... were... everywhere!
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